In Defense of the Immaculate Conception
Medieval theologians argued the Immaculate Conception. Historically, the Dominicans were strong opponents of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, largely due to the influence of St. Thomas Aquinas, who argued Mary needed to be redeemed like everyone else. The Dominicans clashed with the Franciscans who championed the doctrine. Blessed John Duns Scotus (真福若望·董思高) was a Franciscan friar born in Scotland. Duns Scotus’ defense of the Immaculate Conception: There is a distinction between the order of nature and the order of…









